Methods, apparatus and user interface for providing content on demand

ABSTRACT

Methods and apparatus for supporting content delivery service are described. In accordance with the invention content can be supplied to temporary storage of a regional or local server used to supply the content to a customer&#39;s premises when the requested content is not already available in the regional or local server. A content server hierarchy may be implemented with servers higher up in the hierarchy including more content, e.g., titles, than the number of titles stored in the lower level servers. By storing less frequently accessed content in servers higher in the hierarchy and frequently requested titles lower in the hierarchy, a vast number of titles can be supported without overburdening the storage available at local and regional servers. In addition, a national or other server high in the hierarchy can be used to store, move, and distribute local or other content as part of an on demand service.

RELATED APPLICATION

The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 14/563,232 filed on Dec. 8, 2014, which published as U.S.Publication No. US 2015-0163523 A1 on Jun. 11, 2015, which is acontinuation of patent application Ser. No. 11/615,888 filed Dec. 22,2006 which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,938,765 on Jan. 20, 2015 with eachof the preceding patent applications and publications being herebyexpressly incorporated by reference in their entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to content delivery related methods andapparatus, video and, more particularly, to methods and apparatus forproviding content on demand such as video, e.g., using a plurality ofservers.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Media content delivery systems often provide a combination of basic andpremium services. Basic services may include a standard package oftelevision channels while premium services may include Video on Demand(VOD) services where a subscriber may select premium content, e.g., arecent movie or sports event, to be delivered for viewing. Uponselection of a VOD content, the content is supplied to customer premiseequipment, e.g., a set top box at the subscriber's residence, and thesubscriber is billed for the ordered content.

Existing VOD servers used by the cable industry today tend to supportstandardized protocols which can be used to control the delivery ofordered content. Examples of such protocols include the ISA protocolsuite which is part of the Interactive Services Architecture that wasdeveloped for cable companies with the purpose of supporting VODservices. These particular protocols are generally referred to as ISAprotocols and include a Lightweight Streaming Control Protocol (ISALSCP), ISA Session Set Up protocol (ISA SSP) and various other ISAprotocols. ISA protocols are described at www.interactiveservices.org.Time Warner Cable's Session Setup Protocol (SSP) Version 2.3 dated May19, 2003 and Lightweight Stream Control Protocol (LSCP) Version 1.1dated Sep. 5, 2003 which are available at thewww.interactiveservices.org website are both hereby expresslyincorporated by reference. Additional information on ISA Lightweightservice protocols is provided in: 1) the LSCP ImplementationSpecification Version 1.0 dated Apr. 12, 2004 (TWC-LSCPI-SP-1.0); 2)CableLabs Video-On-Demand Content Specification 1.1(MD-SP-VOD-CONTENT1.1-I03-040107 dated Jan. 7, 2004 and 3) CableLabsAsset Distribution Interface Specification Version 1.1(MD-SP-ADI1.1-I03-040107 dated Jan. 7, 2004 each of which is herebyexpressly incorporated by reference. A derivative system which uses ISAcommands to implement VOD functionality which is also used by many cablecompanies is the OpenStream system described at www.tandbergtv.com whichis an on-demand digital service platform and related protocols thatallow cable operators to provide on-demand video services. These cableindustry standards are used to provide the backend management functionsand interface/APIs for many VOD systems currently in use by the cableindustry today. Backend management functions may include such things as,session set up, controlling delivery authorization for users, networkpersonal video record (NPVR) functions, and billing functions. Controlof delivery may include supporting one or more NPVR features, inresponse commands received from a customer premise equipment (CPE)device.

Recent advances in broadband network used to deliver IP packet streamsand IP devices, such as personal computers, personal digital assistants(PDAs), etc. have opened up new opportunities for the delivery ofcontent, e.g., video on-demand. IP devices often rely on Real TimeStreaming Protocol (RTSP) signaling to control on-demand streaming. RTSPis a client-server multimedia presentation control protocol, designed toaddress the need for efficient delivery of streamed multimedia over IPnetworks. RTSP is described in the Internet Society's Network WorkingGroup Request for Comments (RFC) 2326 dated 1998 which is herebyexpressly incorporated by reference.

As potential customers are exposed to one or more choices of contentproviders, and content delivery becomes more reliable, a provider'sability to distinguish itself from other content sources becomes evermore important from a business and profitability perspective. One way todistinguish over other content providers is to provide access to a largecontent selection. This provides not only the opportunity for increasedsales due to the large number of items available but also increases thechances that a subscriber will be satisfied with the service, includingavailable content, and remain loyal to the content provider's service.

Historically, VOD tended to be implemented with a limited selection oftitles, e.g., the top 100 titles being available at any given time.Traditionally, the 100 titles might represent 800 hours of video whichwould have to be stored and accessible in response to subscriberrequests. As the format of the content changed to higher resolutionformats such as S Video and more recently to HD, the amount of datastorage capacity required to store the video data has increasedconsiderably. For example, to store the content in HD format requiresapproximately 4 times the amount of data storage capacity than wasrequired for standard definition television. While the cost of datastorage has decreased considerably with recent improvements in digitaldata storage devices, the storage requirements for maintaining a largecontent library remain significant. As customers expect more contentchoices and/or formats to be supported, the data storage requirementsfor a VOD service are expected to continue to increase.

Many large systems are implemented through the use of regional serverswhere local customers can access and request content available on theregional server used to service the customer, e.g., the regional serverclosest to the customer, but not other regional servers. In such asystem, each of the regional servers will normally include some contentwhich is common to all the regional servers, e.g., the latest moviereleases, and some local content, e.g., recent local news shows, whichmay be available only from the regional server corresponding the area towhich the local regional news show corresponds. The potential return forincluding the same set of local content on all the regional servers maynot be justified given that there may be very little interest or demandfor a regional east coast news show on the west coast for example.Similarly, the cost of storing a very large number of titles at allregional servers for long periods of time in a system may not bejustifiable given the data storage costs.

Thus, it should be appreciated that continuously adding storage to everyvideo server at every location in a system fails to become costjustified particularly with regard to content that may be requestedrelatively infrequently. The data storage upgrades can be expensive andthere is an impact to the divisions/regions that perform the update inthe terms of potential systems errors whenever the system hardware isupdated/changed.

While content is one key to success in implementing an on-demand contentservice, just adding additional titles to a content store of a system isnot guaranteed to directly translate into increased system use, e.g.,content sales. For additional content to add value, it is important thatthe potential customers be able to easily find and order the content theuser finds interesting in and easy manner.

As the available content increases, it places ever greater constraintson the user interfaces via which subscribers order content. Typical userinterfaces for VOD systems are TV based navigational interfaces with theuser navigating through menus and entering limited amounts of text usinga TV, set top box, or other type of remote control. In addition to inputconstraints corresponding to the use of a remote control as the primaryinput device, TV based user interfaces are further limited by theproblem of relatively low television resolution. The low resolutionresults in limitations on menu presentation. Further limitations may bethe result of other constraints corresponding to limitationscorresponding to previously deployed equipment which may be limited byhardware or communications protocol constraints particularly in the caseof set top box based systems where it may not be practical to replace alarge amount of previously deployed equipment.

Accordingly, increasing the amount of content available via a contentdelivery system, e.g., a system including VOD capability, has two majorimpacts, i.e., a client user interface impact and a content storageimpact.

From the above discussion it should be appreciated that regardless ofthe protocol or type of network connection used to deliver content,e.g., video, on demand, several problems exist when trying to provideusers access to a large amount of content particularly when the users ofthe service are geographically dispersed, e.g., located in differentregions throughout the country.

Thus, there are at least two aspects of a content delivery system wherethere is a need for improvement. The first area is data storagerequirements, e.g., the amount of data storage needed to support a widenumber of VOD titles. The second area where there is a need forimprovement is the user interface, e.g., the portion of system interfacethrough which a user may identify available titles and/or order content.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to methods and apparatus forsupporting services requiring content delivery and, more particularly,on-demand content services, e.g., Video-On-Demand (VOD) services, musicdelivery services, etc.

Various aspects of the invention are directed to a novel use of contentservers, e.g, in a hierarchical fashion, to facilitate delivery ofcontent. The content server arrangement may be used alone, e.g., todeliver time critical content and/or content of short term interest ormay be combined with one or more user interfaces to provide an on-demanddelivery service. For example, the content server arrangement can beused to distribute movie releases, sporting events or other videos in arelatively short amount of time making it possible for a small orspecialized content provider to supply content, e.g., video of asporting event, and obtain wide, e.g., national, distribution of thecontent subject to rights, usage and/or time restrictions specified bythe content provider or by agreement. The content provider may becompensated for viewing of the content as provided for in an agreementor otherwise. For example, the content provider may be compensated basedon the number of orders received for a sporting event or movie.

In accordance with various aspects of the invention, a plurality ofregional servers are interconnected. Servers may be arranged in ahierarchy with national or other server being connected to, and used fordistributing content to, the individual regional servers. The server orservers in the hierarchy above the regional content servers, e.g., thenational content server, can be described as multi-regional contentservers since it is used to provide content to multiple regions, e.g.,to the regional content servers serving different regions. Thus one or afew national servers may be positioned at the top of a hierarchy ofcontent delivery servers. In a two level hierarchy system used in someembodiments, regional servers provide content to on-demand customers,e.g., subscribers. In other embodiments local servers which obtaincontent from regional servers provide the content to subscribers.Service subscribers may be, e.g., cable service subscribers who mayorder content and have it delivered to their set top box for display ona television connected to the set top box. However the contentdistribution system and features of the invention are not limited tocable applications.

A content distribution control apparatus, e.g., control module which maybe implemented on a server, keeps track of content which is availablefrom the various content servers in the system and can control thecommunication of content from one server to another. While the controlapparatus may be implemented on a separate server, the control functionmay be implemented in one of the content servers or even implemented ina distributed manner with different modules which form the controlsystem operating together but being located on different servers in thesystem. In some embodiments distribution of content is normallyperformed between servers at the top of the server hierarchy and serverslower down in the hierarchy. In one such embodiment, servers higher inthe hierarchy contain larger content stores than servers lower in thehierarchy. For example, regional servers may contain the top 100 mostpopular on-demand movies and some regional content while the nationalcontent server may store thousands of titles some of which are expectedto be viewed relatively infrequently along with content corresponding tomultiple regions. Regional and/or other content may be uploaded from theregional servers to the national servers for distribution, e.g., inresponse to customer requests for regional or other content not alreadyavailable on the regional server which provides content to therequesting customer's premises.

While hierarchal content distribution has many advantages, content maybe exchanged between regional severs. For example, in some cases ashorter communications path may exist between a first regional serverwhich contains content being ordered and a second regional server whichservices a subscriber requesting content which, at the time of therequest, is not available on the second regional server. Accordingly, insome embodiments when content is to be delivered to a regional or localserver so that it can be supplied to a requesting subscriber, thecontent distribution apparatus determines the location or locations ofthe content on servers in the system and then estimates the deliverytime associated with delivering the content to the server which is usedto supply content to the requesting subscriber's customer premiseequipment. The content distribution apparatus can then select the mostdesirable content delivery path, e.g., selecting the content source tobe the server with the shortest delivery time or, alternatively, thelowest delivery cost to the system provider. For example, delivery viaconnections dedicated or owned by the service provider may be preferredover third party communications paths even though the alternative pathsmay have a shorter delivery time. Accordingly, various embodiments ofthe invention support least cost path routing as part of the contentdelivery process.

In other embodiments, distribution of content is limited to ahierarchical approach with the higher level content servers providingcontent from, or supplying content to, content servers lower down in thehierarchy. Such a system may be easier to implement and manage than asystem which also supports peer to peer content distribution betweencontent servers at the same level in the hierarchy assuming the linksbetween the servers in the hierarchy have sufficient bandwidth tosupport the distribution needs of the system.

In accordance with various features of the invention, storage at theregional or other lower level servers is managed as including a longterm content store and a short term or temporary content store.Frequently ordered titles, e.g., movies or other content, are stored inthe long term portion of the regional and/or lower level contentservers. Less popular content, e.g., content supplied from a national orhigher level server in response to a specific customer request forcontent not already present in the regional or local content server isnormally stored in the temporary content store with a removal deadlinebeing associated with the stored content. Content expected to be ofinterest for a relatively limited time, e.g., a copy of a live or recentsporting event, is also normally stored in the short term content storeof the regional and/or local content servers with the content beingdeleted at the expiration of a set time, e.g., a time specified bycontract with the sporting event content provider or a time based on thelast request or purchase of the particular piece of content.

Using the above described content distribution system, a sporting eventor other provider can upload content for distribution, e.g., to aregional server. The content can then be distributed by way of anational or other higher level server so that distribution on a nationalor multi-regional basis can occur in a synchronized manner without thecontent provider having to address distribution issues. Because, in someembodiments the distribution is via a cable network, it can berelatively secure and the content provider can expect that any contentdistribution constraints agreed to will be honored.

The above described system also provides for a scalable approach toproviding subscribers to vast amounts of content in a cost effectivemanner since infrequently requested content need not be stored for longperiods of time on regional or local content servers. Thus the methodsand apparatus of the invention provide a scalable approach to theproviding content to subscribers where the data storage capabilities ofthe local or regional content servers need not be updated even as thenumber of titles to which the subscribers may be provided access growssince the growth can be accommodated by increasing the storage capacityin the national or other high level content servers as opposed to thelocal or regional servers.

While some aspects of the invention are directed to content storage andsupplying content in a manner that allows a wide range of titles to besupported with manageable storage requirements, other aspects of theinvention are directed to methods and apparatus for allowing asubscriber to obtain access to content in a reasonable and convenientmanner.

The user interface features, methods and apparatus of the invention arenot limited to being applied in a system using content servers asdescribed in various embodiments of the invention but is particularlywell suited for use with such server arrangements.

In accordance with various aspects of the invention, a user is providedaccess to content through a web based interface. This permits a customerto search and select titles with the benefits and advantages of a fullfunction computer keyboard, mouse and computer display screen for inputof search information and selection of particular content to beselected. In various embodiments text searching by title, director,movie category, artist, actor, movie date, etc. are supported. Thecustomer may drag items to be ordered into a play list or other list oftitles which the customer is ordering. In some embodiments the order isprocessed as a request that the title be made available and the clientis not billed until the customer later confirms the order by startingthe download of the content, e.g., to a set top box. In otherembodiments the selection of a title and addition to the customer's playlist results in the order being immediately billed. Thus, for purposesof discussion a request for a particular title is a type of order.However, the request may or may not be billed at the time of the initialorder depending on system rules. In some embodiments, the billing occurswhen the content is actually delivered to the subscriber's customerpremise equipment. By allowing a subscriber to order content via a Webbased interface, e.g., using a web browser application running on apersonal computer, the subscriber is provided a much greater degree offlexibility in searching for and selecting content than is possibleusing a standard set top box interface.

In accordance with one feature of the invention, subscriber rentaland/or play lists are maintained for individual subscribers. Themaintained lists are automatically updated in response to the subscribermaking a change to one of the lists either via a STB interface or WebInterface. Accordingly, changes made via the Web Interface will bereflected when the subscriber views the list using the STB interface.Similarly, changes made via the STB interface will be reflected in thelists presented when accessing the lists via the Web Interface.

In response to the subscriber requesting a title, e.g., particularcontent, the location of the content in the system is determined. If thecontent is available locally, e.g., on a regional content server, thesubscriber can download the content immediately, e.g., via thesubscriber's set top box. However, in cases where content is not on acontent server from which the content can be delivered directly thesubscriber's customer premise equipment, the time required to deliverythe content is estimated and the subscriber is notified of the estimateddelivery delay. In some embodiments, the user can select to be notifiedwhen the content becomes available, e.g., has been loaded onto thecontent server, e.g., a local or regional content server, used toprovide, e.g., stream, the content to the customer's premises. Thenotification can be by E-mail, a pop-up notification window generated bythe set top box and/or though an SMS text. The notification feature isan optional convenience feature which is useful to clients seeking toconduct other activities while waiting for the content to be madeavailable.

Once the content is available, the customer can initiate the delivery ofthe content to the subscriber's customer premise equipment, e.g., settop box or other device. In some embodiments, the billing information isupdated in response to the subscriber triggering the actual downloadingor streaming of the content.

By providing a customer the opportunity to search and order content viaa web interface in addition to through the conventional set top boxinterface, subscribers are provided a meaningful way to access andsearch though large libraries of content without being subject to theconstraints of the set top box interface while at the same time stillbeing able to use the set top box based interface to order content wherea web based features are not required. In addition, by adding the Webbased interface while still supporting the set top box interface,customers who do not have a personal computer, web device, or Internetaccess can continue to order content albeit without the advantagesoffered by the Web based interface. Thus, the addition of the Webinterface/portal adds features and simplifies access to large amounts ofcontent without having a negative impact on users content with theexisting STB interface.

Various additional features and advantages of the present invention arediscussed in the detailed description which follows.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary content delivery and distribution systemimplemented in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 2 which comprises the combination of FIG. 2A and FIG. 2Billustrates various exemplary signaling, processing, and interactions inan exemplary content delivery and distribution system includingoperations of selecting, ordering, purchasing and delivering content.

FIG. 3 which comprises the combination of FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3Cillustrates the steps of a content delivery method implemented inaccordance with the invention with optional notification of content whenit becomes available.

FIG. 4 which comprises the combination of FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C and 4Dillustrates the steps of another exemplary content delivery embodimentof the invention wherein content can be made available on demand to auser being serviced by a server which does not have the contentimmediately available at the time the user expresses interest in thecontent.

FIG. 5 is a drawing of an exemplary hierarchical data distributionsystem implementation in accordance with one embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIGS. 6A-6F illustrate various user interface features and options madeavailable to a service subscriber, e.g., VOD customer, in accordancewith various embodiments of the invention.

FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary set top box remote control device andseveral exemplary screens that are displayed on a television coupled toa set top box and used in a content delivery system including customizedvideo on demand services in accordance with various embodiments of thepresent invention.

FIG. 8 is a drawing of an exemplary flowchart of a method ofprovisioning for a new service subscriber in accordance with variousembodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 9 comprising the combination of FIG. 9A and FIG. 9B is a drawing ofa flowchart of an exemplary method used in operating an on-demandcontent delivery service, e.g., including video on demand, in accordancewith various embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a drawing of an exemplary content delivery system includingOn demand services such as video on demand services.

FIG. 11 is a drawing of an exemplary content delivery system includingOn demand services which is an extended version of the exemplary systemof FIG. 10, the extended version supporting additional CPE devices.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

As discussed above, the present invention is directed to methods andapparatus for supporting services requiring content delivery and, moreparticularly, on-demand content services, e.g., Video-On-Demand (VOD)services, music delivery services, etc.

The methods and apparatus of the invention can be used in combinationwith, or to improve upon content delivery methods and systems such asthose described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/079,958, titled“Technique for Providing on a Program Channel Composite ProgrammingContent Attributed to Different Sources” which is hereby expresslyincorporated by reference.

FIG. 1 is a drawing of an exemplary content delivery and distributionsystem 100 supporting the provisioning, selection, notification,communication, and billing of content, e.g., content including video ondemand (VOD), to customers in accordance with various embodiments of thepresent invention. Exemplary system 100 includes a plurality of regionalservice provider systems (region 1 service provider system 102, . . . ,region N service provider system 104). Each regional service providersystem (region 1 service provider system 102, region N service providersystem 104) has a corresponding set of customer premises ((region 1customer premise 1 114, . . . , region 1 customer premise n 116),(region N customer premise 1 118, . . . , region N customer premise n120)). System 100 also includes service provider national infrastructureincluding a national Web server 106 with a corresponding database 108and a national content library/controller 110 with correspondingnational content storage 112.

Region 1 customer premise 1 114 includes a first set of equipment 154including a personal computer 156, a television 158 and a set top box160. Personal computer 156 includes a customer Web browser 164. Region 1customer premise 1 114 also includes additional television/set top boxpairs (168/166, 172/170). Some customer premises include at least oneset top box and at least one television. Some customer premises includeat least one device supporting a customer Web browser. At least somecustomers in the system 100 have accounts with the service providerwhich can be accessed via a Web browser, situated at the same locationor a different location from the customer's set top box, andinput/output interfacing performed via the Web browser can affectcontent availability via the customer's set top box interface.

Region 1 service provider system 102 includes a regional Web server 148,a video server/regional content management module 122, an applicationserver 130, a business management (BM) server 140 and an AMS server 144.Region 1 service provider system 102 also includes a plurality ofvarious databases (regional web server database 150 coupled to regionalweb server 148, regional content storage 124 coupled to videoserver/regional content management module 122, application serverdatabase 132 coupled to application server 130, business managementserver database 142 coupled to BM server 140, and AMS database 146coupled to AMS server 144. The various servers (122, 130, 140, 144, 148)are coupled together via a bus 152 over which they may interchange dataand information.

Region 1 customer premise 1 114 is coupled to region 1 service provider102 via the Internet 174 and via cable network 176. Communications link178 traversing the Internet 174 couples customer Web browser 164 toregional Web server 148. Communications link 182 traversing the serviceprovider's cable network 176 couples set top box 160 to the region 1service provider's bus 152. Similarly, region 1 customer premise n 116is coupled to regional Web server 148 via link 180 which traverses theInternet 174; region 1 customer premise n 116 is coupled to region 1service provider system bus 152 via link 184 which traverses serviceprovider cable network 176.

Region N customer premise 1 118 is coupled to region N service providersystem 104 via an Internet link 186 and a cable network link 190.Similarly, region N customer premise n 120 is coupled to region Nservice provider system 104 via an Internet link 188 and a cable networklink 192.

Region 1 service provider system 102 is coupled to region N serviceprovider system 104 via link 103. Each of the regional service providersystems (102, 104) are also coupled to the national Web server 106 andnational content library/controller 110. Link 194 indicates thatregional Web server 148 is coupled to national Web server 106.Similarly, link 196 indicates that region N service provider system 104has a Web server which is also coupled to national Web server 106.

National content library/controller 110 is coupled to videoserver/regional content management module 122 and application server 130via links (197, 195), respectively. Similarly national contentlibrary/controller 110 is coupled to a video server/regional contentmanagement module and an application server of region N service providersystem 104 via links (193, 198), respectively. Various alternativeinterconnection topologies between the regional service provider systemand the national service provider infrastructure are possible.

National content storage 112, typically has a greater storage capacitythan the storage capacity of an individual regional content storage,e.g., region 1 regional content storage 124. Regional content storage124 includes long/medium term storage 126 and short term/temporarystorage 128. Long/medium term storage 126 includes, e.g., contentstorage of programs such as movies for which there is a high degree ofanticipated demand. Long/medium term storage 124 includes, e.g., contentof recent releases, content of regional favorites, content of seasonalfavorites, etc. Short term/temporary storage 128 includes storage ofcontent of infrequently selected programs which do normally reside instorage 124, e.g., a customer ordered video on demand infrequentlyselected movie that has been recently downloaded from national contentstorage 112. Short term/temporarily storage 128 also includes storage oftime sensitive programs, e.g., a recent weather report, a recent newsreport, etc. Individual program content stored in short term/temporarystorage 128 may, and sometimes does, have a cache time associated withmaintaining the program content.

Customer web browser 164 which interacts with regional Web server 148supports customer access to service provider program contentavailability information, customer ordering of content, reporting ofstatus of ordered content, and customer account management functions.For example, via customer Web browser 164 a customer may view lists,information, menus, trailers, etc. of available content, initiatesearches based on key information, view search results, select a videoon demand program, place an order for the selection, receive anindication of an approximate time of availability for viewing, andreceive an indication, e.g., a notification message and/or an E-mail,when ordered content is available for viewing.

Regional Web server 148 interacts with a plurality of customer Webbrowsers and with national Web server 106. Regional web server 148performs secure log-ins of customers, accesses customer information inits database 150 and stores customer information in its database 150.Database 150 information includes, e.g., sets of informationcorresponding to individual customers. For example a set of customerinformation includes user identification information, a password,information identifying customer preferences, customer ordering and/orviewing history information, pending customer order information, andcustomer program availability information such as a play menucorresponding to a set top box interface play menu. Regional Web server148 receives orders for content, determines if the selected content islocally available in store 124, and forwards requests for content notcurrently in region 1 store 124 to national Web server 106.

National Web server 106 interacts with the regional Web servers, e.g.,regional Web server 148, and the national content library/servercontroller 110. For example, national Web server 106 receives customerprogram orders for content relayed from regional Web server 148 andforwards the request to national content library/controller 110 alongwith information identifying the regional store to which the requestedcontent is to be directed. National Web server 106 also forwards contentdelivery time estimation information and/or content delivery informationreceived from national content library/controller 110 to regional Webserver 148.

National content library/controller 110 calculates estimated deliverytime for requested content, e.g., based on system topology information,network metrics and/or historical data transfer rates. In someembodiments national content library/controller 110 tracks contentstorage of at least some information in regional stores and considers atransfer between regional stores as an alternative to a transfer fromnational content storage 112 when responding to a request for contentnot currently available at a customer's corresponding regional contentstore. National content library/controller 110 processes requests forcontent and accesses content from national content storage 112, e.g.,forwarding requested content via link 197 to video server/regionalcontent management module 122 for storage in short term storage 128 ofregional store 124. The national content library/controller 110 alsocommunicates information, via link 195, such that the application server130 can update the application server database, at the appropriate time,identifying that the requested content, e.g., ordered movie, has beenloaded in the regional store and is now available for ordering, e.g.,purchase, by a customer via the set top box interface. For example,application server 130 updates a current rentals list stored in database132 corresponding to the customer, the current rentals list used by theset top box user interface.

Video server/regional content management module 122 manages regionalstore 124, e.g., loading a copy of an externally stored program intoshort term/temporary storage 128 and outputting customer ordered and/orpurchased content for delivery to a set top box. The externally storedprogram content, which was copied, is, e.g., stored in national contentstore 112. Other functions performed by video server/regional contentmanagement module 122 include deleting and/or not maintaining contentaccessibility in response to a received command, a timer expiration,and/or a determined low request rate of a stored program.

Application server 130 stores and maintains current rental listscorresponding to the region 1 customers, said lists being available forset top box user interfaces. Application server 130 also publishes themetadata, e.g., short and long descriptions corresponding to contentpackages, and pricing details into categories on virtual channels.

Business management server 140 processes billing informationcorresponding to region 1 customers, e.g., updating billing chargeinformation in response to video on demand purchases. Businessmanagement server 140 also processes bill payment information, e.g.,credit card transactions, deductions from debit accounts, mail bills,and/or processes discount and/or coupon information.

FIG. 2 comprising FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B is a drawing 200 used fordescribing various exemplary signaling, processing, and interactions incontent delivery and distribution system 100 including the operations ofselecting, ordering, purchasing and delivering content. A customeroperating personal computer 156 accesses customer Web browser 164, andconnects to the Web address corresponding to the Regional Web server 148as indicated by signal 202. The regional Web server 148 provides linkoptions to the customer as indicated by signal 204. The customer selectsa video on demand link, and the selection is communicated by signal 206directed from customer Web browser 164 to regional Web server 148. Alogin is performed as indicated by signaling 208 exchanged between thecustomer Web browser 164 and regional Web server 148. The loginincludes, e.g., a username and associated password being communicatedand verified, the username and password corresponding to an accountrepresenting one or more of the set top boxes within the customer'shome. The regional Web server 148 uses stored information in itsdatabase 150 to verify the username and password and then retrievecustomer account information, e.g., profile information corresponding tothe identified user as indicated by block 210. The user is presentedwith content availability menus and information as indicated bysignaling 212. Various presentations include, e.g., browsing features,search features, summaries by content category, summaries by provider,short descriptions, long descriptions, video clips, trailers, pricinginformation, recommendations, new release information, and summariesbased on demand. In some embodiments, the regional Web server 148obtains at least some of the presented information via the applicationserver 130 and/or the BM server 140. The user may navigate throughvarious menus which present information about a vast library of contentavailable for viewing including content which is available from anational content store.

The use of a Web interface for presenting available content offers ahigher degree of flexibility in the presentation than would otherwise bepossible if a typical set top box interface had been used for thecontent availability presentation. Alternatively, or in addition, insome embodiments, the set top box interface can be used to search thevast amount of available content including content in the nationalcontent store and place orders, but using a more primitive interfacewith fewer features than is available if the Web based interface isused.

The customer places an order for a movie via the customer Web browser164 and customer movie order signal 214 is generated and sent toregional Web server 148. The regional Web server 148 sends signal 216 tovideo server/regional content management module 122 to check if therequested movie is currently available from the regional content store124. In this particular example, the requested movie is not availablefrom the regional content store 124, so the video server/regionalcontent management module 122 sends a signal 218 informing the regionalWeb server 148 that the movie is unavailable.

Then, the regional Web server 148 sends signal 220 to the national Webserver 106 forwarding the customer movie order. The national Web server106 sends signal 222 to national content library/controller 110forwarding the customer movie order plus information including deliverylocation information associated with the placed order.

The national content library/controller 110 calculates delivery timebased on destination, alternative potential sources, network metrics andhistorical data transfer rates, as indicated by block 224. At some timesthe requested content, e.g., the requested movie, resides at multiplelocations in the system 100. For example, a request movie may reside inthe national content store 112 and in a regional content store which isin a different region than the region in which the customer resides. Forsome requests, the national content library/controller 110 may determinethat requested content can be delivered quicker by controlling thetransfer of the requested content from one regional content store toanother regional content store rather than by transferring content fromthe national content storage 112 to the customer's regional contentstore.

In signal 226 which is sent from national content library/controller 110to customer Web browser 164 via national Web server 106 and regional Webserver 148, a message is sent to the customer communicating a timeestimate of when the requested title is expected to be available forplayback and requesting whether or not the customer would likeconfirmation. For example, the message may be “Movie titled (insertordered title) will be delivered in (insert estimated number of minutes)minutes and will be available until (insert date and time in formatMM/DD/YY HH:MM). Would you like an email confirmation (Y/N)?” Thedate/time in the message indicates an end of cache period in which theordered movie may be, and sometimes is, scheduled to be deleted from thetemporary storage in regional content storage 124. In this example, thecustomer decides that a confirmation is desired, and request confirmsignal 228 is sent from customer Web browser 164 to national contentlibrary/controller 110 via regional Web server 148 and national Webserver 106.

In this example, consider that the national content library/controller110 has determined to perform a content transfer from the nationalcontent storage 112 to the regional content storage 124. For example,the requested content is currently available in the national contentstorage, but not in any of the regional content storages. Alternatively,the requested content may reside at both the national content store 112and at least one other regional content store; however, the nationalcontent library/controller 110 has determined that is advantageous,e.g., from a time delivery standpoint and/or cost of deliverystandpoint, to communicate the information from the national contentstorage 112 to the regional content storage 124.

Signals 230 indicate that a copy of the content corresponding to theordered movie is transferred from the national content storage 112 tothe regional content storage 124. Upon completion of the transfer, thenational content library/controller 110 sends a transfer complete signal232 to the national Web server 106 which sends signaling 234 to regionalWeb server 148 to update Web based customer information. For example,the regional Web server 148 updates a stored list corresponding to thecustomer to incorporate the added title. National contentlibrary/controller 110 also sends signal 236 to application server 130notifying the application server 130 to update a rental list toincorporate the ordered title movie. As an alternative, in someembodiments, one of the national web server 106 and regional Web server148 signals the application server 130 with information to update theapplication server's database 132 so that the ordered title will appearin the current rentals category corresponding to the customer. Theapplication server 130 sends a pop-up message to the set top box 160,via signal 238, which indicates that the ordered movie is now availablefor viewing. In addition, national content library/controller 110 sendsa notification signal 240, e.g., an E-mail and/or instant message, tocustomer Web browser 164 via national Web server 106 and regional Webserver 148, notifying the customer that the ordered movie is nowavailable for viewing.

The national content library/controller 110 starts a cache timerassociated with the delivered requested content now residing in regionalWeb server 148, as indicated by block 242.

Signal 244 from set top box 160 to application server 130 indicates thatthe customer has sent a video on demand launch signal. In response, theapplication server 130 sends signal 246 communicating a current rentalslist including the ordered title corresponding to the movie order ofsignal 214. The customer decides to purchase the ordered movie andsignal 248 from set top box 160 to application server 130 communicatesthe indication to purchase. The application server 130 signals thevideo/server regional content management module 122, via signal 250, tostart streaming the purchased movie content to set top box 160. Inaddition, the application server 130 signals the business managementserver 140 to bill the customer for the video on demand movie purchasevia signals 252. The video server/regional content management module 122accesses regional content store 124 and streams the purchased movie asindicated by signals 254 to set top box 160.

Consider, now alternatively, that the customer has not sent a purchasecommand signal 248 corresponding to the ordered movie title and thatanother customer in the same region has not ordered the same movie, andthat the cache timer has subsequently expired, as indicated by block256. Then, the national content library/controller 110 sends signal 258to application server 130 notifying the application server 130 to removethe title from the customer rental list. In addition, the nationalcontent library/controller 110 sends a delete signal to videoserver/regional content management module 122 indicating that regionalcontent storage 124 is not required to maintain the ordered moviecontent whose cache timer has expired.

In various embodiments, the customer connects to and interfaces througha national Website as opposed to a regional Website. In some suchembodiments, at least some of the described functionally performed bythe regional Web server is incorporated into the national Web server. Invarious embodiments, various Web servers in the communications systemare linked such as to provide a seamless user experience, e.g., the useris unaware and/or unaffected by whether one or more functions are beingperformed by a regional Web server or a national Web server.

In some embodiments, distribution of content from a national contentstorage to regional content storage and/or between different regionalcontent storage locations is via a private, e.g., corporate,communications network.

FIG. 3 illustrates the steps of a method 300 of providing content, e.g.,video content such as a movie, in accordance with one embodiment of theinvention wherein the content distribution is controlled using aplurality of distributed elements working together as a contentdistribution control apparatus. The discussion of the method 300 willfocus primarily on the case where a user selects content that is notavailable in the regional or local content store which is used tosupply, e.g., stream, content to the user's customer premises. This caseis the more useful one in understanding the invention since it involvescontent transfer between content servers as compared to the case wherethe content is available on the local or regional server and isimmediately available to the customer.

The method 300 begins in start step 301 and proceeds to step 302 whereina server, e.g., regional web server 148, monitors for signals fromusers, e.g., signals from user's web browser application(s) which may bereceived via the Internet. In step 302 if a signal indicating an initialconnection is received, operation proceeds to step 304 wherein the useris presented with a main page which includes, among other things, avideo on demand link, e.g., in the form of a link, e.g., VOD button,which can be selected by the user. Assuming the user selects the VODlink from the user's web browser by, e.g., clicking on it, the user'sweb browser will send a signal to the web server 148 indicatingselection of the VOD link. If in step 302, the signal from user's Webbrowser is determined to be a VOD link selection signal, operation willproceed to step 306 wherein the web server 148 presents the user with alogin/password page.

In step 308, the web server 148 receives input from the user and then instep 310 checks if the user has provided the correct password. If thepassword provided is incorrect operation returns to step 306 wherein theuser is provided an opportunity to renter the user name and password.Assuming the subscriber entered a valid user name and password,operation will proceed from step 310 to step 312. In step 312, the webserver 148 presents the user with available content information andselection options. Operation then proceeds to step 314 wherein the webserver receives input from the user indicating the content, e.g., movieor program title, the user selected.

The location or locations where the requested content is in the systemis then determined and the delivery or delivery times estimated in step316.

This may involve the web server 148 communicating the content selectioninformation to the national content library controller 110 which thendetermines the location or locations, e.g., servers, in the system wherethe content is located. Once the location or locations of the content isdetermined, the delivery times for delivery from the identifiedlocations to the server which is responsible for supplying content tothe user's customer premises is determined. In the case where theregional or local server servicing the customer does not have thecontent available, it may be determined that another regional server cansupply the content in less time than the national server.

In step 317 a determination is made as to whether or not the content isavailable from the local or regional server used to supply content tothe user. If the content is already available, the customer is sonotified in step 318, and the user can proceed with the rental, e.g.,via the STB. However, if the content is not already available, operationproceeds to step 319 where the various sources of the content areconsidered. In the case where there is more than one location for thecontent, in step 319 the content source to be used for delivery isselected. This selection process is normally based on the estimateddelivery time determined in step 316 with the content source having theshortest delivery time being selected. However, in some embodiments instep 319 the cost of delivering the content, in terms of networkcharges, is taken into consideration. Thus in some embodiments in step319 a content source may be selected which has a longer delivery timebecause the cost, e.g., monetary or other charges, associated with thecommunications links from the server which has the content and the localor regions server responsible for supplying the content to thecustomer's premises is lower. For example, links between servers ownedby or dedicated to the VOD provider may be less costly to use than linkswhich must be paid for on a per use basis justifying a preference foruse of the lower cost links even if it results in a delivery delay thatis slightly longer. In some embodiments, a national content librarycontroller 110 is used to determine the content locations, deliverytimes and to select the content source to be used for delivery asperformed in steps 316, 317, 319.

The selection step 319 may be omitted or skipped when the there is onlya single available content source or in cases where the default is tosupply content from the national content store 112. With the deliverysource having been selected, operation proceeds to step 320 where thecustomer is notified of the estimated delivery time. Operation proceedsfrom step 320 to step 324 via connecting node A 322 in cases wherecontent availability notifications are supported or directly to step 330when content availability notifications are not supported.

In step 324, the customer is presented with the option of receiving acontent availability notification. The controller 110 may be responsiblefor communicating this option to the customer, e.g., via a web server,and for implementing various steps associated with this option. In step326 a determination is made as to whether or not the user selected thenotification option. If the notification option was selected operationproceeds to step 328 where a trigger is set so that the subscriber willbe notified when the content becomes available at the server used tosupply content to the customers CPE equipment, e.g., STB. Operation thenproceeds to step 330. If in step 326 it was determined the user did notselect to be notified, operation proceeds directly to step 330. In someembodiments controller 110 is responsible for setting and maintainingcontent notification triggers.

In step 330, the requested content is distributed, e.g., copied, fromthe selected content location and communicated to the server used tosupply content to the customer's STB. The content is normally stored inthe local or regional server's short term/temporary storage 128. Withthe copy to the server complete, the record and/or list corresponding tothe web based interface corresponding to the customer which placed theorder is updated to indicate that the ordered title is now available tothe customer. This update may be initiated by controller 110. Operationproceeds from step 332 to step 338 via steps 334 and 336 in cases whereavailability notifications are supported and directly to step 338 incases where availability notifications are not supported.

In step 334 a check is made as to whether the user selected theavailability notification option. If the notification option wasselected operation proceeds to step 336 otherwise operation proceedsdirectly to step 338 without a notification being sent. In step 336, thecustomer is notified via an E-mail, STB pop up message and/or by an SMStext message that the requested content is available for delivery. Forthis purpose an E-mail address, telephone number and/or STB identifiercorresponding to the subscriber is stored as part of a customer recordwhich is accessed by the Web server upon the subscriber login into thesystem. Operation then proceeds to step 338 where an update of theinformation used to indicate rental availability on the STB interface ismade. Thus, in step 338 the list of rentals that will be displayed onthe customer's STB is updated to match the list displayed via the Webinterface with both lists indicating the requested title is nowavailable for delivery.

Operation proceeds from step 338 to steps 344 and 340 along parallelpaths. In step 340 a timer is set corresponding to the temporary datastore in which the requested content is stored for delivery to thecustomer. This timer is set to cause the content to be removed from thetemporary data store at the end of a cache period or a rental period,which ever is later. The cache period is a period for which the titlewill remain in the temporary storage absent a customer completing anorder for the title after it is loaded into the temporary store or fromthe time the most recent order for the title was placed, whichever islater. The trigger for this period will be reset each time a customercompletes an order, e.g., starts a download of the title. The rentalperiod is a period for which the title is to remain available to acustomer who has completed an order, e.g., by beginning to download thetitle. The rental period may be longer than the cache period in somecases. In step 342 the title is removed from the rental list at the endof the countdown set in step 340, i.e., at the end of the period used tocontrol removal of the title from the temporary data store. Thus, itshould be appreciated that steps 340 and 342 are temporary data storemanagement steps used to control how long a requested title remains inthe temporary store of a regional or local server. In some embodimentssteps 340 and 342 and the removal of the content may be implementedunder control of the content controller 110 which has knowledge of whenthe content was loaded and what, if any, orders for the content wereplaced.

In step 344, a signal is received from the customer's STB. In step 346the customer is presented on the screen with a list of the currentrentals which are available, including the ordered content, and variousother options. This may be implemented under control of the applicationserver 130. Operation proceeds from step 346 to step 350 via connectingnode B 348. In step 350 a signal is received from the customer's STBindicating selection of the current rentals option. In response, thetitles of the available rentals are presented to the user via the STBwhich causes the list to be displayed on the user's television screen.Next, in step 354, an order for the requested title is detected. Thisorder may be placed by the user selecting the title corresponding to therequested content and initiating content delivery by pressing one ormore remote control keys used to confirm the order and initiate contentdelivery. Next, in step 356 content delivery is initiated. The deliverymay be triggered by application server 130 which can be used toimplement steps 350, 352 and 354 with the content being streamed fromthe short term storage 128 of the regional content store 124 undercontrol of the video server/regional content management module 122.

With the order confirmed and content delivery initiated, operationproceeds to step 358 wherein billing information corresponding to thecustomer is updated to reflect a charge for the content which wasordered and delivered. The billing operation may be performed by thebusiness server 140 using information provided by one or more of theother servers, e.g., the application server 130. Thus, in theillustrated embodiment, the customer is not charged for the contentuntil the customer confirms the order by initiating delivery to thecustomer's premises, e.g., with the content being delivered to the STBlocated there.

With the delivery of the content complete operation proceeds to step 360wherein the system monitors for other customer request/orders for thecontent loaded onto the regional or local server in response to thecustomer's order. If in step 362 another order for the same content,from a customer serviced by the regional or local server onto which thecontent was loaded is detected, step 364 is performed in which operationproceeds to step 340 via connecting node D 366 to reset the cache and/orrental period so that the ordered title will remain in the temporarycache for a sufficient amount of time for the additional request andpossibly other requests for the content to be serviced. The monitoringto detect additional orders for the content which may reset the timerused to control how long the content remains in the temporary cache willcontinue until the content is deleted, e.g., as a result of the timercorresponding to the stored content expiring.

FIG. 4 comprising the combination of FIG. 4A, FIG. 4B, FIG. 4C and FIG.4D is a drawing of a flowchart 400 of an exemplary method of providingcontent to a set top box user in accordance with various embodiments ofthe present invention. The exemplary method of flowchart 400 isperformed, e.g., by a content access server. In some embodiments,various steps of flowchart 400 are performed by different devices, e.g.,different servers in a set of servers coupled together.

The exemplary method of flowchart 400 is started in step 402, where thecontent access server is powered on and initialized. Operation proceedsfrom start step 402 to step 404, in which the content access servermonitors for customer signaling. Then, in step 406, the content accessserver checks as to whether or not a search query has been detected. Ifa search query has been detected, operation proceeds from step 406 tostep 408. If a search query has not been detected operation proceeds tostep 404 for additional customer signaling monitoring.

In step 408, the content access server determines whether the searchquery was from a web browser or from a set top box. If the search querywas from a web browser, operation proceeds from step 408 to step 410; ifthe search query was from a set top box, operation proceeds from step408, via connecting node A 409 to step 424.

In step 410, the content access server receives a search queryapplication from a web browser application being executed at a customerservice premise corresponding to a customer. Step 410 includes sub-step410 in which the content access server receives text informationcommunicated by the web browser application. Operation proceeds fromstep 410 to step 414. In step 414, the content access server performs asearch for content satisfying the query. The search of step 414, in someembodiments, includes a search for content satisfying the query which isavailable from any one of a national content library, a regional contentlibrary, and a local content library. Then, in step 416, the contentaccess server communicates the result of the search performed using atleast a portion of said search query to the customers web browser. Step416 includes sub-step 418, in which the content access server presents alist of content satisfying the text search information to the webbrowser application being executed at the customer premise. Operationproceeds from step 416 to step 420. In step 420, the content accessserver receives content selection information from said customer via anIP based communications link, said content selection informationindicating selected content. Step 420 includes sub-step 422. In sub-step422, the content access server receives a signal indicating that thecustomer has selected an item from the list of content satisfying thetext search information, said selected item to be added to a play listcorresponding to the customer. Operation proceeds from step 420 viaconnecting node B 423 to step 428.

Returning to step 424, in step 424, the content access server receives asearch query from a set top box application being executed at a customerpremise corresponding to a customer. Step 424 includes sub-step 426. Insub-step 426, the content access server receives text informationcommunicated by the set top box application. Operation proceeds fromstep 424 to step 428. In step 428, the content access server performs asearch for content satisfying the query. The search of step 428, in someembodiments, includes a search for content satisfying the query which isavailable from any one of a national content library, a regional contentlibrary, and a local content library. Then, in step 430, the contentaccess server communicates the result of a search performed using atleast a portion of said search query to customer's set top box. Step 430includes sub-step 432. In sub-step 432, the content access serverpresents a list of content satisfying the text search information to theset top box application being executed at the customer premise.Operation proceeds from step 430 to step 434. In step 434, the contentaccess server receives content selection information from said customervia a communications link, said content selection information indicatingselected content. Step 436 includes sub-step 436. In sub-step 436, thecontent access server receives a signal indicating that the customer hasselected an item from the list of content satisfying the text searchinformation, said selected item to be added to a play list correspondingto the customer. Operation proceeds from step 434 via connecting node B423 to step 438.

In step 438, the content access server makes the content available fordelivery to said set top box at a content server used to deliver contentto said set top box. Step 438 includes sub-steps 440, 442, 444, 446, 448and 450. In sub-step 440, the content access server determines thelocation of the selected content in a hierarchy of content serversincluding at national content server, a plurality of regional contentservers and local content servers. Then, in sub-step 442 the contentaccess server checks if it was determined that the content is located atthe local content server used to service said customer. If the selectedcontent is located at the local content server used to service saidcustomer, then operation proceeds from sub-step 442 to sub-step 444; insub-step 444 it is recognized that selected content is availablelocally. Otherwise operation proceeds from sub-step 442 to sub-step 446.In sub-step 446 the content access server checks if it was determinedthat the content is located at the regional content server correspondingto the customer in the hierarchy of content servers. If it wasdetermined that the selected content resides in the regional servercorresponding to said customer, then operation proceeds from step 446 tostep 448, where the content access server performs operations to resultin the transfer of the content, e.g., copying of the desired content,from the one of the regional content servers corresponding to thecustomer to a local content server used to service said customer.Otherwise, operation proceeds from sub-step 446 to sub-step 450. Insub-step 450, the content access server performs operations to result inthe transfer of the content, e.g., copying of the desired content, fromthe national server to the one of the regional content serverscorresponding to the customer and then from the one of the regionalcontent servers corresponding to the customer to a local content serverused to service said customer. Operation proceeds from step 438 to step452.

In step 452 the content access server updates a set of play listinformation corresponding to said customer to include the selected item.Operation proceeds from step 452 to step 454. In step 454, the contentaccess server notifies the customer of the availability of said selectedcontent to a set top box corresponding to said customer which can beused to output the selected content to a display device. Step 454includes sub-step 456, 458 and 460 which may be, and sometimes are,performed in parallel.

In sub-step 456 the content access server sends an E-mail to saidcustomer notifying the customer of the availability of the selectedcontent. In sub-step 458, the content access server controls the set topbox corresponding to said customer to generate a content availabilitynotification on a display device coupled to said set top box. Insub-step 460, the content access server sends an SMS message to atelephone corresponding to said customer, said SMS message notifying thecustomer of the availability of the selected content. Operation proceedsfrom step 454 via connecting node C 461 to step 462.

In step 462, the content access server communicates the updated playlist to said set top box and to web browser application thereby allowingsaid customer to obtain synchronized play list information from at leasttwo different devices located at a customer premise corresponding tosaid customer. Operation proceeds from step 462 to step 464.

In step 464, the content access server receives a play request from saidcustomer requesting said selected content. Operation proceeds from step454 to steps 466 and step 468. In step 466, the content access serverprovides the selected content to the set top box corresponding to thecustomer. In step 468 the content access server updates billinginformation corresponding to said customer as a function of the contentselected by said customer. Step 468 includes sub-step 470 in which thecontent access server updates billing information corresponding to saidcustomer to include a charge for the selected content that was provided.

FIG. 5 is a drawing of an exemplary hierarchical data distributionsystem 500 implemented in accordance with one particular exemplaryembodiment of the present invention. In some embodiments, data storagecapacity is increased at content stores higher in the hierarchy morefrequently than at the content stores lower in the hierarchy. Thisapproach allows upgrades at one or a few servers to vastly increase thetotal number of titles available in the system while leaving themajority of the servers and content stores unchanged. Thus, thearrangement provides a reasonable way to address the storage problemsassociated with supporting a large and growing number of titles withoutincurring the problems associated with having to upgrade all or themajority of the servers and associated content stores in a system as thenumber of titles increases.

Exemplary hierarchical data distribution system 500 includes amulti-region, e.g., national, content store 502 and a plurality ofregional content stores (region 1 (east) content store 504, region 2(central) content store 504, and region 3 (west) content store 508)coupled to the national store 502 via links (546, 548, 550)respectively. Region 2 content store 506 is also coupled to region 1content store 504 and region 3 content store 508 via links (552, 554),respectively.

Hierarchical data distribution system 500 also includes a plurality oflocal content stores corresponding to each of the regional contentstores. (Local content store 1 510, . . . , local content store K 512)are coupled to region 1 content store 504 via links (556, . . . , 558),respectively. (Local content store 1 514, . . . , local content store L516) are coupled to region 2 content store 506 via links (560, . . . ,562), respectively. (Local content store 1 518, . . . , local contentstore M 520) are coupled to region 3 content store 508 via links (564, .. . , 566), respectively.

The national, regional and local content stores may be implemented aspart of national, regional and local content servers, respectively usedto implement, e.g., a cable television system. Links between the serversand thus content stores may be part of a cable television systemproviders network used for secure distribution of video, audio and/orother content. The higher the content store in the hierarchy the largerthe storage capacity in many embodiments. In many implementations, thenational content store includes many thousands of movie titles while theregional and/or local content stores may only support hundreds of movietitles at any point in time. In some embodiments content is passed upand down in the hierarchy but not between content servers at the samelevel in the hierarchy facilitating centralized control. However, in theFIG. 5 embodiment, communication between regional content stores issupported providing multiple communications paths and allowing for thepossibility of one regional server supplying content from its contentstore to the content store of another regional server. Such animplementation can reduce delivery times and provide multiple possiblesources for requested content reducing the potential traffic burden onsome of communication links in the system.

In addition to the content stores, hierarchical data distribution system500 also includes a plurality of customer premises corresponding to eachof the local content stores. (Customer premise 1 522, . . . , customerpremise N 524) are coupled to local content store 1 510 via links (568,. . . , 570), respectively. (Customer premise 1′ 526, . . . , customerpremise N′ 528) are coupled to local content store K 512 via links (572,. . . , 574), respectively. (Customer premise 1″ 530, . . . , customerpremise N″ 532) are coupled to local content store 1 514 via links (576,. . . , 578), respectively. (Customer premise 1′″ 534, . . . , customerpremise N′″ 536) are coupled to local content store L 516 via links(580, . . . , 582), respectively. (Customer premise 1″″ 538, . . . ,customer premise N″″ 540) are coupled to local content store 1 518 vialinks (584, . . . , 586), respectively. (Customer premise 1′″″ 542, . .. , customer premise N′″″ 544) are coupled to local content store M 520via links (588, . . . , 590), respectively.

In accordance with the invention, as discussed above, individualcustomer premises may include set top boxes coupled to televisions andseparate computer systems. The computer system may include web basedinterface applications and a computer monitor which can be used todisplay web pages. Both the STBs and computer systems can interact withand be used to order content from the content servers. The set top boxesinclude interfaces which support ISA protocol signaling while thecomputer systems include interfaces which support Internet Protocol (IP)signaling and communication using IP packets. Set top boxes at customerpremises may be coupled to the content servers via cable links while thecomputer systems may be coupled to the content servers directly orindirectly through an Internet connection.

FIG. 6A is drawing 600 of an exemplary video on demand homepage 602,used in various embodiments of the present invention, and acorresponding legend 604 which identifies various regions of exemplaryhomepage 602. The VOD homepage 602 may appear on the customer's displayscreen via the customer Web browser interface.

Exemplary VOD homepage 602 includes: a global search region identifiedby vertical line shading 606; categories, filters, providers regionsidentified by diagonal line shading 608; dynamic content regionsidentified by horizontal line shading 610; an account information regionidentified by crosshatch shading 612; playlist, personal setting regionsidentified by vertical and horizontal line shading 614, and a playlistsend button identified by an encircled arrow symbol 616.

Global search region 606 can accept text input from the customer, e.g.,a title, actor name, director type, category name, keyword, descriptivetext, etc., used to initiate a search for content. Categories andnetworks sections 608 allows a user to browse for content as a functionof various filters, e.g., filtering on classifications of content,filtering on a network corresponding to content. Dynamic contentsections 610 include New Content sections, a What's Hot section, a MostPopular section, A Topical section, Local Content section, and a ComingSoon section. Account information section 612 includes, e.g., accountidentification information corresponding to the signed-in customer, andinformation identifying the service provider corresponding to thesigned-in customer. In some embodiments, the identifying serviceprovider information includes information identifying a region ordivision, e.g., corresponding to a regional server. Playlist,personalized settings regions 614 includes a playlist section, e.g., asection including a list of user selected titles, a links section, e.g.,providing links to playlist related items, e.g., including a link tosubscription information, and a filters section, e.g., including a linkto parental content information.

Playlist send button 616 can be used to initiate a send command of acustomer generated playlist, e.g., to initiate an order for one or moveselected VOD content items. The command to send the playlist alsoresults in an update of a corresponding playlist used at a set top boxinterface corresponding to the customer.

The playlist can be updated by using an incorporated draw and dropfeature as indicated by arrow 618. For example, a movie of interest maybe dragged and dropped from the What's Hot section to the customer'splaylist.

FIG. 6B is an illustration of the format of an exemplary video on demandhomepage 700, used in various embodiments of the present invention.Exemplary Homepage 700 is a slight variation of exemplary homepage 602.The VOD homepage 700 may appear on the customer's display screen via thecustomer Web browser interface. The exemplary VOD homepage 700 includesaccount identification information including a customer name 702 and aservice provider information 704, e.g., regional associationinformation, a search field for accepting text input 706, browsefeatures selectable based on content 708, browsing features based onprovider 710, information identifying new content and services 712,information identifying What's Hot 714, information identifying MostPopular by usage 716, and information identifying topical categories718. The VOD homepage 700 also includes a playlist section 720 includinga list of selected titles, and a links section 724. Content, e.g., amovie or show, may be selected from a location on the display, e.g.,from one of the windows displayed in the center area of the display, andplaced in the playlist via a supported drag and drop feature. A sendbutton 722 in the playlist section, is responsive to a user click tosend an order for content.

FIG. 6C is an illustration of the format of an exemplary browse bycontent screen display 800, e.g., generated when the customer hasselected to be directed to the browse by content page 600. For example,a customer viewing VOD Homepage 700 may have positioned the mouse screenlocation indicator on All Content in the Browse Field 708 and clicked onthe location such as to initiate a display update to the browse contentpage 800. Exemplary browse by content screen display 800 includes thesame display on the top and sides as used in the VOD homepage 700.Exemplary browse by content page 800 includes account identificationinformation including customer name 802 and a service providerinformation 804, e.g., regional association information, a search fieldfor accepting text input 806, browse features selectable based oncontent 808, browsing features based on provider 810, a playlist section814 including a list of selected titles, a links section 824, and a sendbutton 816 in the playlist section, which is responsive to a user clickto send an order for content. The center area 812 of browse content page800 has been changed from the homepage display 700. Center area 812includes On Demand Service information corresponding to content forindividually selectable available content. In this example, the formatis such to display information corresponding to 9 different potentialtitles simultaneously which may be selected. Since “all content” hasbeen selected, the display starts at the beginning of the contentlibrary directory, e.g., alphabetically providing titles. Informationcorresponding to blocks of titles, e.g., sets of 56 titles may betransferred at a time. The user may scroll up or down to viewinformation about the block of loaded titles. At the end of scrolleddisplay corresponding to the block of titles, the user is provided withthe option to advance to the next block and/or to go back to a previousblock, to view information about additional titles. A user may alsoenter text into the search field 806 to redirect the search, e.g., enterthe letter R to move the display to present titles starting with theletter R, or enter an actors name to start displaying contentinformation corresponding to the actor. Center area 812 also includes alist of the currently selected search category, which is underlined, andat least some alternative categories, e.g., categories that the userfrequently selects when searching. By clicking on one of thesealternatives, the search can be redirected to a different category. Ifthe customer finds a title of interest, the customer can use the dragand drop feature to add the title to the playlist 814.

FIG. 6D is an illustration of the format of an exemplary titleinformation screen display 900, e.g., generated when the customer hasselected to be directed to display title information page. For example,a customer viewing Browse Content page 800 may have positioned the mousescreen location indicator on a movie of interest, e.g., “The Aviator”and clicked on the location such as to initiate a display update to thetitle information page 900. Alternatively, the customer, e.g., using VODhomepage 700 may have entered information in the search field whichidentified the particular movie to be displayed. Exemplary titleinformation screen display 900 includes the same display on the top andsides as used in the VOD homepage 700. Exemplary title information page900 includes account identification information including customer name902 and a service provider information 904, e.g., regional associationinformation, a search field for accepting text input 906, browsefeatures selectable based on content 908, browsing features based onprovider 910, a playlist section 924 including a list of selectedtitles, a links section 928, and a send button 926 in the playlistsection, which is responsive to a user click to send an order forcontent. The center area 912 of title information page 900 has beenchanged from the homepage display 700. Center area 912 includes apicture 914 associated with the content, and descriptive text associatedwith the content, e.g., title, rating, price, runtime, network, channel,availability information, description, actor information, directorinformation, format information, language information, awardinformation, rating information, related movie suggestion information.Center area 912 also includes a viewing options section 918 including abutton 920, which can be clicked on for seeing a preview and a button922, which can be clicked on for adding the title to the playlist 924.

FIG. 6E is an illustration of the format of an exemplary playlistmanager screen display 1000, e.g., generated when the customer hasselected to be directed to the playlist manager page. For example, acustomer viewing one of the Homepage display 700, Browse Content page800 or Title Information page 900 may place the mouse indicator over thewords My VOD Playlist and click resulting in the transfer to thePlaylist manager screen display 1000. Exemplary Playlist Manager screendisplay 1000 includes the same display on the top and left side as usedin the VOD homepage 700. Exemplary title information page 1000 includesaccount identification information including customer name 1002 and aservice provider information 1004, e.g., regional associationinformation, a search field for accepting text input 1006, browsefeatures selectable based on content 1008, and browsing features basedon provider 1010. The right lower display area 1012 of playlist managerinformation page 1000 has been changed from the homepage display 700. MyVOD playlist area 1012 includes playlist name information 1014 and showinformation. In some embodiments, a customer account name can, andsometimes does, have a plurality of different associated concurrentplaylists. For example, the customer name may correspond to a family'sset top box, and individual members within the family may generatedifferent individual playlists. In some embodiments, differentfiltering, e.g., parental control filtering, is applied with respect tothe different family members, thus restricting searching, orderingand/or purchasing.

Show information included in My VOD playlist area 1012 includes a firstcolumn 1016 of program titles, a second column 1018 of channel, e.g.,provider identification, information, a third column 1020 of viewdata/time information 1020, a fourth column 1022 of program runtimeinformation, and a fifth column 1024 of price/subscribe information.Various charging structures are possible, and in some embodiments,combinations of different types of charging structures are implemented.Some example of charging structures include: a charge per program perview, a charge per program for a limited time range, a charge as part ofa subscription package purchase including a set of programs, and acharge as part of a subscription package including a set of channels.Some VOD content may be only available using one particular type ofcharging structure, e.g., the user needs to purchase a package to viewthe content. Other VOD content may be available through a plurality ofpurchase alternatives, e.g., package purchase, individual title purchasefor a set time interval.

The playlist manager allows the customer to edit the playlist, e.g.,delete listed items via mouse operations. Playlist manger display page1000 also includes a send button 1026, which may be clicked on to sendthe playlist, e.g., place an order for the items listed on the playlist.

FIG. 6F is an illustration of the format of another exemplary video ondemand homepage 1100, used in various embodiments of the presentinvention. The VOD homepage 1100 may appear on the customer's displayscreen via the customer Web browser interface. The exemplary VODhomepage 1100 includes account identification information 1102 includinga customer name 1102; a search field for accepting text input 1104; abrowse area 1106 supporting redirection to browse by category and bychannel, a My Playlist area including playlist information correspondingto various categories 1120 and commands related to playlists section1122, e.g., send, create/edit, share; information identifying newcontent and/or services 1126; information identifying What's Hot 1128;information identifying Recommendations 1132 based on the customer'splaylist and/or person profile information; and a top 5 section base onusage corresponding to a plurality of categories, e.g., movies, TVshows, music videos 1130.

In addition, exemplary VOD homepage 1100 includes a row of buttons (allnew 1108, movies 1110, TV shows 1112, music 1114, photos 1116, and audio1118) corresponding to different search categories, facilitating easyredirection to a desired search category.

In some embodiments, a customer, is allowed to select from a pluralityof alternative VOD Homepage layouts to choose the alternative which bestsuits the customer's needs. In some embodiments, a customer can build acustomized VOD Homepage layout by selecting between presented optionsfor incorporation.

FIG. 7 includes drawing 1200 illustrating an exemplary set top boxremote control device 1202 and several exemplary screens (1204, 1206,1208) that are displayed on a television coupled to a set top box andused in a content delivery system including customized video on demandservices in accordance with various embodiments of the presentinvention. The customer can access the MY VOD PLAYLIST screen 1204 viaseveral alternatives.

Set top box remote control device 1202 includes navigation keys 1210 formoving up/down left/right on the various screens, a guide selection key1212, a menu selection key 1214 used to obtain the access menu, an A key1216 which can also be used to obtain the access menu from certain otherscreens, a set of numeric character keys 1218, and a selection key 1220.

Program guide screen display 1206 includes a date/time row 1226, acolumn 1228 identifying various available virtual channels bydescription and an associated virtual channel number. In this example,virtual channel 200 is reserved for MY VOD. In some embodiments,different customers can have, and sometimes do have, a different virtualchannel assignment associated with the MY VOD service. Program guidescreen display 1206 also includes a column 1230 listing the TV programs,movies, and/or other content in their respective time slots. Inaddition, the program guide screen display 1206 includes a previewwindow 1224, which may be used to display an image, e.g., related to thecurrent channel and/or an advertisement, an area 1222 identifying and/ordescribing the current channel being pointed to and/or highlighted, andan indicator 1232 used for indicating the current channel being pointedto and/or highlighted. In some embodiments, indicator 1232 includes ashading and/or contrast difference which identifies one of the virtualchannels.

Access menu screen display 1208 includes an access menu 1236, a previewwindow 1234 which may be used to display an image, e.g., related to anidentified on-demand menu and/or an advertisement, an area 1242describing how to obtain the desired menu, and an indicator 1240 usedfor indicating the current menu option being pointed to and/orhighlighted which can be selected. In some embodiments, indicator 1240includes a shading and/or contrast difference which identifies one ofthe menu options offered. Access menu 1236 lists the various on-demandservices available including a MY VOD service.

MY VOD PLAYLIST screen display 1204 includes a MY VOD playlist 1242, apreview window 1244 which may be used to display an image, e.g., relatedto an identified title and/or an advertisement, an indicator 1248 forpointing to and/or highlighting one or the titles on the playlist, andan area 1246 describing how to signal choice of the title being pointedto and/or highlighted. In some embodiments, indicator 1248 includes ashading and/or contrast difference which identifies one of the titles.The playlist 1242 lists titles which the customer has ordered to haveavailable for viewing selection. The playlist 1242 also lists currentavailability information associated with the titles. In this example, 6or the seven titles are now available; however one title is notcurrently available. That unavailable title corresponds, e.g., to amovie which was requested by the customer to be added to the playlistand is now in the process of being copied, e.g., from a national datastore to the regional data store serving the customer.

As previously mentioned, in this exemplary embodiment, there are severalalternatives that may be used to obtain the MY VOD playlist screen 1204.In one approach, the customer presses the guide button 1212 on STBremote control device 1202, which results in program guide screendisplay 1206 appearing on the television coupled to the set top box. Thecustomer can then navigate through the screen, e.g., using arrow keys1210. The customer moves the indicator 1232 to identify the MY VODvirtual channel 200 as shown in exemplary screen 1206. Then, by pressingthe select button 1220 of remote control device 1202, the set top box issent a command signal resulting in the display of the MY VOD PLAYLISTscreen 1204 on the television coupled to the STB.

In another approach, the customer presses the menu button 1214 or Abutton 1216 on STB remote control device 1202, which results in accessmenu screen display 1208 appearing on the television coupled to the settop box. The customer can then navigate through the screen, e.g., usingarrow keys 1210. The customer moves the indicator 1240 to identify theMY VOD menu option as shown in exemplary screen 1208. Then, by pressingthe select button 1220 of remote control device 1202, the set top box issent a command signal resulting in the display of the MY VOD PLAYLISTscreen 1204 on the television coupled to the set top box.

In still another approach to obtaining the MY VOD PLAYLIST screen 1204,the customer directly tunes, e.g., from another menu, in which thecustomer enters the virtual channel number corresponding to the MY VODPLAYLIST, e.g., 200 in this example, using the numeric keys 1218 onremote control device 1202.

In various embodiments, there are multiple screens and/or layers ofscreens corresponding to the MY VOD virtual channel, e.g., supportingmultiple playlists. For example, in one exemplary embodiment, selectionof the MY VOD from the access menu screen, selection of the VOD channelfrom the program guide menu screen, and direct tune to the MY VODvirtual channel transfers to an entry level MY VOD screen, e.g., whichprovides alternative options to transfer to specific individual MY VODplaylist screens. Different playlists may be, and sometimes are,directed to: different users such as different family members including,e.g., members with parental screening filtering control in effect;different devices; different categories of content; different timeframes; different languages; different packages; different billingalternatives; and/or different plans.

FIG. 8 is a drawing of an exemplary flowchart 1300 of a method ofprovisioning for a new service subscriber in accordance with variousembodiments of the present invention. The exemplary method starts instep 1302 in which the subscriber is identified and a new record in adatabase is set up or the subscriber is associated with an existingrecord in the database. For example, the subscriber may be an entirelynew subscriber or the subscriber may be a previous customer or currentcustomer adding a service, adding devices, adding features, upgrading,and/or changing. Operation proceeds from start step 1302 to step 1304.

In step 1304, information is stored indicating the services, e.g., cableTV, telephony, data to which the customer subscribes. Exemplary servicescan include various levels of cable TV plans and/or packages; various ONdemand content services including, e.g., MY Video on Demand, music ondemand, other audio on demand such as services including radio programs,audio books, tour information, instructional information such aslanguage lesson instructions, etc.; data services such as locationrelated services including map/navigation services; wireless phoneand/or wireless data services; Internet services and/or landline phoneservices.

Then, in step 1306, information, e.g., MAC addresses, identifyingdevices corresponding to the service subscriber are stored in a customerrecord. For examples, devices corresponding the customer include, e.g.,televisions, recording devices such as a digital video recorder,personal computer, cell phone, personal digital assistant, IPTV device,portable movie storage/play device, navigation/map system, IPOD, audiooutput devices, etc. The customer record is, e.g., accessible at thecable headend and/or other locations. Next in step 1308, the cableheadend routers, billing server, etc. are configured to provide trackand/or bill for services to which the customer subscribes. Operationproceeds from step 1308 to stop step 1310. The stored information isavailable for future use, e.g., when the customer orders and/orpurchases VOD content.

FIG. 9 comprising the combination of FIG. 9A and FIG. 9B is a drawing ofa flowchart 1400 of an exemplary method used in operating an on-demandcontent delivery service, e.g., including video on demand, in accordancewith various embodiments of the present invention. Operation starts instep 1402, where the system is initialized and proceeds to step 1404. Instep 1404, a detection is made of a VOD server access. For example, acustomer has used a Web based interface to obtain a My VOD entry levelmenu. Alternatively, a customer has used the STB remoter controller, ora CPE device interface coupled to the service provider cable network, tonavigate through menus and obtained a MY VOD entry level menu.

Operation proceeds from step 1404 to step 1406. In step 1406, theservice provider's system accesses the customer record corresponding tothe access and determines the service or services to which the customersubscribes. Then, in step 1408, the customer premise device or devicescorresponding to the customer are identified from stored customerinformation. In step 1410 the service provider's system accesses acustomer playlist and/or preference information if available. Next,instep 1412, the service provider's system presents the customer with anoption to select language for the menu presentation. Operation proceedsfrom step 1412 to step 1414, where the service provider's system storeslanguage preference information. Then, in step 1416, the serviceprovider system presents the customer with VOD selection options and aVOD playlist if available, e.g., in the preferred language indicated bythe customer, if any. Operation proceeds from step 1416 to step 1418, inwhich the service provider system presents at least some targetedadvertisements to the customer, where the advertisements are targetedbased on the indicated language in some, but not all, embodiments. Then,in step 1420, the service provider system receives VOD title selectioninformation from the customer. Next, in step 1422, the service providersystem determines whether or not the selected title is a non-Englishtitle, e.g., corresponds to a foreign language movie selection. If theselected title is a non-English title, then operation proceeds from step1422 to step 1424; otherwise, operation proceeds to step 1428.

In step 1424, the service provider's system stores informationindicating the non-English language of the selected title in a recordcorresponding to the customer. Then, in step 1426, the serviceprovider's system presents at least some advertisements in thenon-English language of the selected title. Operation proceeds from step1426 to step 1428.

In step 1428, the service provider system updates the customer playlistand then in step 1430 sends the updated playlist to set top box devicesassociated with the customer and/or computer web interface. Operationproceeds from step 1430 via connecting node A 1432 to step 1434. In step1434, the playlist is displayed on TV and/or other display devicesoptionally including selected titles not yet ready for delivery.Operation proceeds from step 1434 to steps 1436 and step 1446.

In step 1446, the service provider system sends a title availablenotification to a subscriber when a title on the playlist becomesavailable. Operation proceeds from step 1446 to step 1448, in which thecustomer playlist is updated to reflect availability of the title fordelivery.

In step 1436, the service provider system, monitors for a play signalfrom a subscriber device. In step 1438, the service provider systemreceives a play signal, e.g., from a set top box device, e.g., inresponse to a customer selecting a VOD movie on the playlist and placingan order requesting content delivery. Then, in step 1440, the serviceprovider system streams content corresponding to the title to one ormore customer devices associated with the customer. Operation proceedsfrom step 1440 to step 1442, in which the service provider systemgenerates billing information. In some embodiments step 1442 includessub-step 1444. In sub-step 1444 the service provider system provides adiscount where the subscriber corresponds to multiple services. Forexample, a service provider may offer (i) My VOD included in cableservice TV and (ii) cable based Internet service, and a customersubscribing to both the Internet and cable TV, in some embodiments,receives discounts regarding My VOD pricing with respect to a customersubscribing only to cable TV service.

FIG. 10 is a drawing of an exemplary content delivery system 1500including On demand services such as video on demand services. Exemplarycontent delivery system 1500 includes a video server 1502, contentstorage 1504 including a cache 1506, a client application server 1508and a corresponding client application server database 1510, a businessmanagement server (BMS) 1512 and a corresponding business managementserver database 1514, an ISA WEB server 1516 and a corresponding ISA Webserver database 1518. In some embodiments, the set of devices (1502,1504, 1506, 1508, 1510, 1512, 1514, 1516, 1518) corresponds to one of aplurality of service regions in delivery system 1500.

Exemplary content delivery system 1500 also includes a national ISA WEBserver 1520 and a corresponding database 1522, a national contentlibrary 1554, and a very large content storage 1526 corresponding to thenational content library 1524. Exemplary system 1500 also includes anumber of customer service locations to which ordered content can bedelivered, one of which is customer premise 1534. In this example,customer premise 1534 includes a plurality of interface devices andoutput devices, a first set top box 1538 coupled to a first display1540, a second set top box 1542 coupled to a second display 1544, and adigital video recorder 1546 coupled to display 1548. Delivery system1500 also includes an Internet interface which is cable modem 1528, aperson computer 1530 coupled to modem 1528, and a Browser 1532 residingon the personal computer 1530 for providing access to the ISA Web server1516. The Internet interface can be located at the same site as thelocation to which the ordered content is to be communicated, e.g., 1534,and/or may be at a different location, e.g., the work office site of thecustomer.

System 1500 includes both a corporate network 1550 and Internetinfrastructure 1552 coupling various system components together. Line1562 indicates that a customer can browse/search for available content,generate and update playlists for ON demand service including VOD via aWeb interface, e.g., ordering a VOD movie. Line 1554 indicates that aregional ISA Web server 1516 communicates with a national ISA Web server1520, e.g., forwarding a request for a movie not currently stored in theregional content storage 1504, but which is stored in national contentlibrary storage 1526. Line 1558 indicates the transfer of content fromnational content library store 1526 to regional store 1504, which may beplaced in cache section 1506. Line 1560 illustrates delivery of VODcontent to a subscriber site. Line 1558 indicates that the nationalcontent library 1524 signals the client application server 1508, e.g.,providing notification of the transfer, e.g., copying, of content fromthe national store 1526 to the regional store.

Exemplary operational flow in accordance with the present invention inview of exemplary system 1500 will now be described. From home via acable modem 1528 or other Internet connection or from another site,e.g., work, via a cable modem 1528 or other Internet connection, thecustomer uses a standard Internet browser 1532 to connect to the Webserver 1516. The customer selects the “VOD” link and logs in with nameand password to an account representing all or one of the STBs (1538,1542) within the home. The divisional and national Web servers (1516,1520) are ‘linked’ to provide a seamless user experience. The customeris presented with many possible navigation scenarios. The customerorders a movie, e.g., via the Web interface. The national contentlibrary 1524 calculates delivery time based on network metrics andhistorical data transfer rates. Messages are sent to the customer, e.g.,“Your title will be delivered in # minutes and will be available forimmediate playback until MM/DD/YY HH:MM (End of Cache Period). Would youlink an email confirmation (Y/N)?” or: “You've GOT VOD.” The message, insome embodiments, is similar to caller ID.

The national content library 1524 initiates the content transfer to therespective VOD server 1502 for that account using standard protocols(FTP, ADI, etc). In some embodiments only best effort delivery isrequired. A file, e.g., an MPEG file, is stored in the temporary orcache space 1506 of the local video server 1502 serving the servicegroup of that STB (e.g., 1538) MAC address. Upon completion of the filetransfer, the national content library 1524 updates the national webserver 1520, e.g., sends an email confirmation, which is directed to thecustomer, e.g. the customer's E-mail address. Upon completion of thefile transfer, the national content library 1524 also starts the cacheperiod countdown timer. The National content library 1524 updates thedatabase 1510 of the application server 1508 so that the title willappear in the “MY VOD” category, e.g., as available, for that customeras viewed via the set top box interface. The Web server (1520, 1516)updates the database 1518 so that the title will appear in the “MY VOD”category, e.g., as available, for that customer as viewed via the Webinterface.

The customer launches VOD on the STB, e.g., 1538, and navigates to the“MY VOD” category and starts the desired title. Then the movie isstreamed and the billing occurs similar to a regular VOD purchase. TheBMS 1512 performs various billing related functions. If, for example,the customer does not order a title, e.g., a title which had beenrequested to be placed on the MY VOD playlist and which involved thecopying of the content from the national content storage 1526 to theregional content store's cache 1506, prior to the end of “Cache Period”time associated with the title, the national content library 1524 willremove the title from the temporary storage 1506 on the respective VODserver 1502 and remove the title from the “My VOD” list on theApplication server 1508. In addition, the title is removed from thecorresponding My VOD list for the customer viewable via the Webinterface.

FIG. 11 is a drawing of an exemplary content delivery system 1600including On demand services which is an extended version of theexemplary system of FIG. 10. In additional to the components of system1500, system 1600 includes various additional customer premise equipment(CPE) devices, e.g., portable video playback device 1602, cellphone1604, personal media device, e.g., IPOD 1606, personal digital assistant(PDA) 1608, and other assorted wired and/or wireless devices such as,e.g, portable TV devices, portable audio playback devices, devicessupporting IPTV, video gaming devices, electronic books, storage devicesand/or playback devices. Note that system 1600 also includes digitalvideo recorder (DVR) 1546 allowing ordered VOD content to be streamed toDVR 1546 for viewing on display device 1548, at a later time. DVR 1546,by providing video content storage at the customer premise, facilitatesoff peak hour streaming, freeing bandwidth during peak times for otherusers, e.g., users which do not have a DVR and need the video to bestreamed as viewed.

The various CPE devices, in some embodiments, include one or more of thefollowing: a hard drive, a cable modem and in home PCs for IPTV,personal media devices, and cell phones. The hard drive, e.g., a DVRhard drive can be used for storing direct downloads of ordered ON-demandVOD content, thereby offloading real-time streaming demands. In homeIPTV devices can offer new viewing opportunities. Various personal mediadevices, e.g., cable to go devices, can be loaded with on-demandcontent, e.g., video, music, audio, text, etc., while connected via thecable interface, and then disconnected from the cable, and taken offwith the content being available for access at sites outside the home,e.g., the purchased video program, audio program, music, etc., can beviewed and/or listened to throughout the day via the portable device.Cell phones, e.g., smart cell phones, with video display, can also beconnected to the on-demand network and be loaded with content, e.g., amap corresponding to a location of interest to which the customerexpects to travel.

When incorporating these additional CPE devices, different contentformats are used and managed, for at least some devices, by the backendsystems. Some differences are in terms of contract rights, codecs,resolutions, etc. Different rules may be, and sometimes are, implementedgoverning the availability of content across the devices.

In accordance with various embodiments of the invention, the Webexperience is extended to provide a more personalized interface allowingfor individual “accounts” or individual “My ON Demand” lists, e.g., “MyVOD” lists, on the CPE devices. For example, each instance of “MY VOD”can be, and sometimes is, individually managed by a different personacross the same or multiple CPE devices. Additionally, in someembodiments, the Web experience supports the uplink, management anddistribution of user created content to others, e.g., a personalized“circle of friends”.

In some embodiments, the content distribution system incorporates bothoff-line and real-time trans-coding and trans-rating engines.Additionally, in some embodiments, the network supports other networkdistribution technologies, e.g., WiFi and cell phone infrastructures.

Some embodiments include enhanced protocols. For example, some systemembodiments, in accordance with the present invention, include burstload content delivery in which content is delivered faster than realtime, e.g., with the content being sent directly to a DVR hard drive.Some system embodiments, in accordance with the present invention,include features to trickle in, e.g., to load a Personal Media Deviceattached to a USB port of a STB. Exemplary enhancements to the DSM-CCSession Setup protocols (SSP) aiding in the support to CPE devicesinclude: (i) incorporation of CPE identifier which identifies the CPEtype; (ii) incorporation of CPE supported Codecs—which identify thesupported video formats like Codecs, bit rates, resolution; (iii)incorporation of a CPE maximum data rate—for session bandwidth baseddelivery greater than real-time delivery; (iv) incorporation of CPEminimum data rate—for session bandwidth based delivery less thanreal-time delivery; (v) RTSP—Real-Time Streaming Protocol Adaptation.

Exemplary additional operational flows in accordance with the presentinvention in view of exemplary system 1600 will now be described. A usercan connect to the system from any Internet connection. The customeruser a standard Internet browser, e.g., browser 1532, to connect to theWeb server (1516/1520). The customer selects the “VOD link” and login inwith the name and password to the account. The customer selects the CPEdevice, e.g., one of device (1602, 1604, 1606, 1608, 1546) and browsesthe content available for that device. Content is ordered and thenetwork responds with a deliver time. The Web server (1520/1516) updatesthe database of the respective Application Server for that CPE, e.g.,database 1510 of Application server 1508, so that the title will appearin the “My VOD” category for that customer and device. The networkincludes intelligence to route the content to the appropriatetrans-coding and trans-rating engine and across the proper networktopology to reach the CPE device. Customer is appropriately notifiedthat the content is available, e.g., via e-mail, instant message, SMSmessage, etc. Available indication information, displayed on deviceplaylists, are also updated, e.g., corresponding to both playlistsviewable through the Web interface and through the cable interface suchas STB and/or CPE device intended to receive the content. Customerlaunches CPE navigator application and navigates to the “My VOD”category and starts the desired title.

It should be appreciated that in various embodiment of the invention,the national content server includes many times the storage capacityincluded in any one of the regional servers coupled to the nationalcontent server, e.g., three, ten, 100 or even 1000 or more times theindividual or average storage capacity found in the regional contentservers. Thus, in some embodiments, the national content server includesthree, ten, 100 or even 1000 or more times the number of titles, e.g.,movies or other videos, found in the regional content servers. Inaddition, in at least some embodiments, the storage capacity is upgradedin the national content server more frequently than the regional contentservers. This reflects the fact that in the hierarchical content storagearrangement used in various embodiments storage requirements may groupat the top of the hierarchy due to adding large numbers of infrequentlyrequested titles while the number of titles maintained in the regionalstores may remain relatively constant or be allowed to grow at a muchslower rate. In some hierarchical embodiments, the national contentstore includes a copy of all or the majority of titles which can befound in the regional content store. However, the regional contentservers normally only store a fraction, e.g., less than half or evenmany fewer, of the titles available from a multi-region content store,e.g. national content store of a national content server.

While described in the context of a video on demand system, it should beappreciated that the methods and apparatus of the present invention arenot limited to the delivery of video content and can be used to supportdelivery of audio content and/or other types of information contentwhich may be requested by an IP based CPE device.

In various embodiments system elements described herein are implementedusing one or more modules which are used to perform the stepscorresponding to one or more methods of the present invention, forexample, presenting the user with available content information,receiving a user input indicating a content request, estimating deliverytime information, selecting a source for content, controlling thecopying of content between servers, performing a cache timer operation,notifying a customer of content availability information, updating arental list, triggering content streaming to a customer, etc. Suchmodules may be implemented using software, hardware or a combination ofsoftware and hardware. Each step may be performed by one or moredifferent software instructions executed by a processor, e.g., CPU.

At least one system implemented in accordance with the present inventionincludes a means for implementing each of the various steps which arepart of the methods of the present invention. Each means may be, e.g.,an instruction, processor, hardware circuit and/or combination ofelements used to implement a described step.

Many of the above described methods or method steps can be implementedusing machine executable instructions, such as software, included in amachine readable medium such as a memory device, e.g., RAM, floppy disk,etc. to control a machine, e.g., general purpose computer with orwithout additional hardware, to implement all or portions of the abovedescribed methods, e.g., in one or more nodes. Accordingly, among otherthings, the present invention is directed to a machine-readable mediumincluding machine executable instructions for causing a machine, e.g.,processor and associated hardware, to perform one or more of the stepsof the above-described method(s).

Numerous additional embodiments, within the scope of the presentinvention, will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art inview of the above description and the claims which follow.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of providing access to content stored ina network, the method comprising: receiving at a regional web server,corresponding to a region, an order for content from a first customerpremise device; checking to determine if said content is available in aregional content store accessible to a video on demand server; inresponse to determining that said content is not available from theregional content store, communicating information included in saidreceived order for content to a controller that has access toinformation indicating content that is available from a higher levelcontent store and other content stores, said higher level content storebeing a content store corresponding to multiple regions and being astore from which the requested content can be obtained, said step ofcommunicating information included in said received order for content tothe controller being conditional upon determining that said content isnot available from the regional content store; and operating saidcontroller to select a content source to provide content requested insaid received order.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said step ofchecking to determine if said content is available in the regionalcontent store accessible to the video on demand server includes:operating the regional web server to send a signal to a regional contentmanagement device to determine if said content is available in theregional content store.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein said step ofchecking to determine if said content is available in the regionalcontent store accessible to a video on demand server further includes:receiving, at the regional web server, a response to the signal sent tothe regional content management device indicating that said content isunavailable in the regional content store.
 4. The method of claim 1,wherein said controller is a device external to said regional webserver; wherein communicating information included in said receivedorder for content to said controller includes forwarding the customerorder for content to an additional web server; and wherein the methodfurther includes operating the additional web server to forward theorder for content to the controller along with delivery locationinformation associated with the placed order, and wherein said regionalweb server is coupled to said video on demand server, the method furthercomprising: operating the video on demand server to supply the requestedcontent to the first customer premise device.
 5. The method of claim 1,the method further comprising: operating the controller to estimate afirst delivery time from said higher level content store to a regionalserver used to deliver content to the first customer premise and asecond delivery time for delivery of said content from another server tosaid regional content server; and wherein operating said controller toselect a content store to provide content requested in said receivedorder includes operating said controller to make said selection of thecontent store based on said first and second delivery times.
 6. Themethod of claim 5, further comprising: in response to receiving saidorder, providing an updated customer play list, corresponding to a user,to a second customer premise device located at said first customerpremise, said second customer premise device being a device which can beused to update said customer play list corresponding to the user,wherein said first customer premise device is a personal computer; andwherein said second customer premise device is a set top box.
 7. Themethod of claim 3, wherein the requested content can be obtained fromthe higher level content store or multiple regional content stores, themethod further comprising: in response to receiving said order,providing an updated customer play list, corresponding to a user, to asecond customer premise device located at said first customer premise,said second customer premise device being a set top box device, themethod further comprising: receiving an order confirmation from saidsecond customer premise device; and transmitting content correspondingto a title added to the customer play list to the second customerpremise device in response to said order confirmation from the secondcustomer premise device, said order confirmation being used to initiatedelivery of the content corresponding to the title added to the customerplay list to the second customer premise device.
 8. The method of claim7, further comprising: operating the regional web server to communicatea content selection page to a web browser application being executed ona first customer premise device located at the first customer premise;and updating a play list displayed by said web browser applicationcorresponding to the user to add to the play list a title of contentselected by the user via the web browser application.
 9. The method ofclaim 8, wherein said content selection page includes: a search windowin which the user can enter a search query; and a content on demand playlist portion in which said customer play list is displayed.
 10. Themethod of claim 9, wherein said content selection page further includes:a search result window; and wherein the user can signal selection of anitem in the search result window by dragging the item from the searchresult window to the content on demand play list.
 11. The method ofclaim 10, wherein the customer play list is a video on demand play listwhich lists titles that are available to be delivered to a set top boxdevice corresponding to the user.
 12. The method of claim 3, whereinsaid regional web server and said regional content server correspond toa geographic region which is smaller than a geographic region served bysaid controller and said higher level content store, the method furthercomprising: determining, prior to forwarding said received order forcontent to the controller, that the ordered content is not availablefrom the regional content store.
 13. The method of claim 4, furthercomprising: operating the controller to initiate a transfer of therequested content from said higher level content store to the regionalcontent store from which the regional content.
 14. The method of claim7, further comprising: prior to transmitting selected content added tothe play list to the second customer premise device, receiving, at anapplication server used to handle purchase orders, a signal from thesecond customer premise device indicating a purchase of the selectedcontent added to the play list, said application server being differentfrom said regional web server and said controller.
 15. The method ofclaim 4, further comprising: detecting selection of a non-English titleby said user; storing information indicating the non-English language ofthe selected title; and supplying at least some non-English languageadvertisements to the user.
 16. The method of claim 15, wherein said atleast some non-English language advertisements are in the non-Englishlanguage of the selected title.
 17. The method of claim 4, furthercomprising: operating the controller to send a signal to update customerinformation on the regional web server when a transfer of said contentfrom the higher level content store to a regional content storeassociated with said regional content server has been completed; andoperating the controller to send a signal to an application server tonotify the application server to update a rental list corresponding to afirst customer corresponding to said first and second customer premisedevices to include said content.
 18. A system for providing access tocontent stored in a network, the system comprising: a controller thathas access to information indicating content that is available from ahigher level content store and other content stores, said higher levelcontent store being a content store corresponding to multiple regionsand being a store from which the requested content can be obtained; aregional web server corresponding to a region, said regional web serverbeing configured to: receive an order for content from a first customerpremise device, check to determine if said content is available in aregional content store accessible to a video on demand server, andcommunicate, in response to determining that said content is notavailable from the regional content store, information included in saidreceived order for content to said controller, said step ofcommunicating information included in said received order for content tothe controller being conditional upon determining that said content isnot available from the regional content store; and wherein saidcontroller is configured to select a content store to provide contentrequested in said received order.
 19. The system of claim 18, whereinsaid controller is configured to estimate a first delivery time fromsaid higher level content store to a regional server used to delivercontent to the first customer premise and a second delivery time fordelivery of said content from another server to said regional contentserver; and wherein said controller is configured to select a contentstore to provide content requested in said received order based on saidfirst and second delivery times.
 20. The system of claim 19, whereinsaid regional web server is configured, as part of being configured tocheck to determine if said content is available in a regional contentstore accessible to a video on demand server, to: send a signal to aregional content management device to determine if said content isavailable in the regional content store.